Employing AI to Better Understand Our Morals

We present a summary of research that we have conducted employing AI to better understand human morality. This summary adumbrates theoretical fundamentals and considers how to regulate development of powerful new AI technologies. The latter research aim is benevolent AI, with fair distribution of benefits associated with the development of these and related technologies, avoiding disparities of power and wealth due to unregulated competition. Our approach avoids statistical models employed in other approaches to solve moral dilemmas, because these are “blind” to natural constraints on moral agents, and risk perpetuating mistakes. Instead, our approach employs, for instance, psychologically realistic counterfactual reasoning in group dynamics. The present paper reviews studies involving factors fundamental to human moral motivation, including egoism vs. altruism, commitment vs. defaulting, guilt vs. non-guilt, apology plus forgiveness, counterfactual collaboration, among other factors fundamental in the motivation of moral action. These being basic elements in most moral systems, our studies deliver generalizable conclusions that inform efforts to achieve greater sustainability and global benefit, regardless of cultural specificities in constituents

Cost and burden of non-small cell lung cancer's in Portugal

Copyright © 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc.Objectives: This study estimates the impact of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) on population health levels and its economic impact in Portugal in 2012.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Non-small cell lung cancer's burden of disease in Portugal

© European Society for Medical Oncology 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved.Aim: To estimate the Disability Adjusted Life-Years (DALY) associated with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) during 2012 in Portugal.The Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon received an unrestricted grant from Laboratórios Pfizer Lda. to conduct this study.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A feeding inhibition based prediction of the toxic effect of dissolved metal mixtures upon Echinogammarus marinus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) at field relevant concentrations across a latitudinal gradient

Risk assessment of metals in the environment is performed mainly with toxicity evaluations on single metals, which is largely inadequate since these substances occur in mixtures. The development of models predicting combined toxic effects on the basis of the concentration-response relationships of individual compounds has emerged as an answer. In the present study, metal effects on post-exposure anorexia (the concept of FdC(50)-concentration causing 50% of feeding inhibition-is implemented) in Echinogammarus marinus, a widely distributed gammarid amphipod, were assessed and compared with modelled ones obtained through the application of the concentration addition (CA) model, which represents a reasonable worst-case scenario for the risk assessment of metal mixtures. Data were validated using in situ experiments performed along a latitudinal gradient (Iceland, Scotland and Portugal) aiming at establishing a geographic profile of autochthonous population susceptibilities to metals. For all of the metals studied concentrations in the water column at exposure sites were in good agreement with feeding inhibition levels. Models gave low to relatively high percentage agreement between predictions and experimental data. Boreal populations demonstrated higher susceptibility to single metals, but not to mixture exposures. Meridional populations denoted lower susceptibilities with higher FdC(50).FCTSFRH/BPD/26689/2006SMC - IHP/ARIEC - Marie Curie Actions -EC-IH